Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• ]. One of the main advantages of the cobalt-based battery is its high theoretical capacity of 274 mAh·g−1, the high working potential of 4.0 V vs Li/Li+, and the high energy density of approximately 500 Wh·kg−1 [5][6][7][8][9]. The complete removal of lithium ions from the LiCoO2 structure is prevented

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• (LOBs) have received great attention as a future energy storage solution since they offer a tremendously high energy density compared to commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) [1][2]. An aprotic LOB is composed of a porous air cathode and a metallic Li anode, which are separated by a porous separator

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• to the high theoretical capacities of both elements (1166 mAh·g−1 and 1675 mAh·g−1, respectively), which lead to devices with high energy density [4][10]. Additionally, sulfur cathodes exhibit other advantages such as low operating voltages (1.81 V vs Na/Na+) and improved safety and low toxicity

A stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator made of silver-coated glass microspheres for human motion energy harvesting and self-powered sensing applications

• Hui Li,
• Yaju Zhang,
• Yonghui Wu,
• Hui Zhao,
• Weichao Wang,
• Xu He and
• Haiwu Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 402–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.32

• energy [7], solar energy [8], thermal energy [9], electromagnetic energy [10], and mechanical energy [11], among which mechanical energy is created almost everywhere. Mechanical energy has many obvious advantages over other energy forms, such as high energy density, wide distribution, and simple

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• capacity and high energy density so that in the near future supercapacitors might work together with batteries as an integrated energy storage system. Metal oxides, MXenes, and perovskites are the most promising electrode materials for this end. However, the specific capacitance values of those electrodes

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• transport and improve the efficiency of the thermoelectric generator [7]. Silicon nanowire arrays are also an emerging anode material for integrated lithium-ion batteries. They have a ten times higher theoretical capacity than graphite and can be used for cells with high energy density. However, these

Structure and electrochemical performance of electrospun-ordered porous carbon/graphene composite nanofibers

• Yi Wang,
• Yanhua Song,
• Chengwei Ye and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1280–1290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.112

• devices [1][2], are one of the most needed energy storage devices. Their main characteristics include high energy density, high power density, and fast charging speed [3][4][5]. These instruments have electrodes that are composed of either carbonaceous materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• material than atomic beams, the high energy density when a cluster interacts with a surface, and nonlinear sputtering effects [13]. One of the most prominent properties of cluster beams is the smoothing effect on moderately rough surfaces [14]. The smoothing effect takes place at normal incidence of the

• cluster beam upon the surface plane, while at off-normal incidence nanometer-sized ripples are formed on the substrate surface. When an energetic cluster collides with the surface temperature and pressure in the impact zone increase sharply due to the high energy density, which results in melting, partial

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• attracted great attention because of the high energy density (2600 Wh kg−1) and specific capacity (1675 mAh·g−1), low cost, and abundant reserves of elemental sulfur [1][2]. Nevertheless, there are various technical challenges in the development of Li–S batteries. The intrinsic insulation properties of the

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• ]. The high demand for portable and flexible devices requires the development of efficient power supplies to maintain the normal operation of these devices [8][9][10]. Flexible lithium-ion batteries play a dominant role in the portable equipment market due to their high energy density, long life and

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• energy density of 67.5 Wh·kg−1) and excellent cycling stability. This approach can be a low-cost way to mass-produce high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors. Keywords: electrode materials; high energy density; in situ phase transformation; NiCo sulfide; supercapacitors; ultrathin

• application in areas that require high energy densities such as electric vehicles [4]. In recent years, transition metal compounds have been widely studied as high energy density materials for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors. Advantage was taken of the faradaic redox reaction of transition

• -fabricated ASCs. An extremely high energy density of 100.5 Wh·kg−1 at a power density of 1496.5 W kg−1 is achieved, with the device maintaining an energy density of 67.5 Wh·kg−1 at an extraordinarily high power density of 30 kW·kg−1. To visualise the performance of the new ASC device with ultrathin

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• these two electrodes delivers a high energy density of 63.3 Wh·kg−1 at 1.6 kW·kg−1 and retains 83% of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles. These results demonstrate that our simple aqueous reduction method to combine CNT and metal oxides reveals an exciting future in constructing high-performance

• cathode were prepared. CNTs significantly improved the conductivity and enhanced the capacity of Fe2O3 up to 226 mAh·g−1 at 2 A·g−1, and capacity of NiO to 527 mAh·g−1 at 2 A·g−1. Furthermore, by assembling the two electrodes, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with a high energy density of 63.3 Wh·kg−1

• electrode, CC-CNT@Fe2O3 as the negative electrode, and PVA/KOH gel as the electrolyte delivered a high energy density of 63.3 Wh·kg−1 at 1.6 kW·kg−1. Moreover, the device exhibits superior cycling stability with 83% retention of initial capacitance after 5000 cycles. The outstanding electrochemical

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• Ning Liu Lu Wang Taizhe Tan Yan Zhao Yongguang Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Heyuan 517000, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.168 Abstract Lithium–sulfur batteries render a high energy density

• investigated as an alternative energy storage system due to their distinct advantages, such as high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g−1) and high energy density (2600 Wh kg−1). Furthermore, the abundance and nontoxic nature of elemental sulfur favors the large-scale utilization of Li/S batteries [6][7][8][9][10

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• , energy storage and conversion continues to be an important and urgent issue [1][2]. Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the most promising energy storage devices, combining high energy density and extremely low self-discharge. Nevertheless, in order to fulfill the (prospective) requirements and to

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• electrode in a three-electrode configuration. The solid-state hybrid supercapacitor (SSHSC) fabricated based on this composite exhibits a high specific capacitance value of 330 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 with 78.8% capacitance retention for up to 10,000 cycles. At the same time, a high energy

• density of 45.83 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1.27 kW kg−1 was also realized. The developed electrode material provides new insight into ways to enhance the electrochemical properties of solid-state supercapacitors, based on the synergistic effect of porous carbon nanofibers, metal and metal oxide

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• candidates for the next green rechargeable batteries due to their high energy density (2600 Wh kg−1) and theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g−1). However, before Li–S batteries become a viable technology, some challenges need to be solved such as the insulating nature of sulfur and the shuttle effect

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• Co2+ have been published. It seems that doping with cobalt allows for the preparation of materials with enhanced characteristics. In an attempt to modify α-MnO2 as cathode for high energy density lithium batteries, nanostructured MnO2, doped with 2 atom % Co, was synthesized [20]. In Co-doped

Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• to use sustainable and renewable energies. In comparison to dry cells, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have the unique advantage of low working voltage, long cycle life and high energy density. LIBs have found wide application as power storage solution for portable electronic devices, hybrid electric

• production cost, high energy density, high safety standards and good performance is of great interest. Fe2O3 is one of the most promising materials for the use as anode materials in LIBs, because it offers a high theoretical capacity (1005 mAh·g−1) [10], is widely available inexpensive and environmental

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• [23] with potential application in high energy density electrochemical supercapacitors. A promising formation method for high-quality carbon nanofoam is the low-temperature hydrothermal carbonization of sucrose [24]. In order to produce advanced carbon nanomaterials, there is a need for further

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• materials; Li-ion batteries; nanocomposites; nanostructures; Introduction LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2-based electrode materials [1] were proposed as a less expensive alternative to LiCoO2 for high energy density Li-ion batteries containing less toxic elements than cobalt. The reasonable combination of their

Improved lithium-ion battery anode capacity with a network of easily fabricated spindle-like carbon nanofibers

• Mengting Liu,
• Wenhe Xie,
• Lili Gu,
• Tianfeng Qin,
• Xiaoyi Hou and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1289–1295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.120

• as one of the most advanced inventions in high energy density storage devices and are extensively utilized in various electronic systems for mobile phones, computers and vehicles [1][2][3]. It is common knowledge that the capacity and energy density of LIBs are highly dependent on the electrode

Materials for sustainable energy production, storage, and conversion

• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1601–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.163

• is the storage of electrical energy for stationary, mobile, and portable applications. Here, solutions are needed that are based either on chemical compounds, such as hydrogen or hydrocarbons, or on safe, low cost and powerful batteries, which have a long cycle and calendar life and a high energy

• density. At the same time, any long term option for energy storage must be based on sustainable materials involving abundant elements in the Earth’s crust. For the reconversion of hydrogen or organic liquids (energy carriers), efficient fuel cells are needed as converters, preferably those based on non

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

• ”) [40][41]. Direct hydrocarbon fuel cells Saturated hydrocarbons are attractive fuels for LFCs due to their extremely high energy density (9–10 kWh/L for full oxidation), abundance, low costs and the existing infrastructure. Early works on direct organic fuel cells were aimed at the use of liquid

• as a fuel has a very high energy density and theoretical cell efficiency if fully oxidized to CO2 and water (Table 1). Therefore, ethanol based LFCs are considered for mobile applications [59]. However, breaking the C–C bond is extremely difficult and the CO2 yield is usually low [57]. This has been

• expansion of biodiesel [108]. Having a high energy density (Table 1), glycerol is a promising fuel. However, as in the case of other C2 and higher alcohols, the total oxidation has not been demonstrated. The electrooxidation of glycerol in acidic media on a Pt/C electrode gives a mixture of products with

Observation and analysis of structural changes in fused silica by continuous irradiation with femtosecond laser light having an energy density below the laser-induced damage threshold

• Wataru Nomura,
• Tadashi Kawazoe,
• Takashi Yatsui,
• Makoto Naruse and
• Motoichi Ohtsu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1334–1340, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.146

• components when irradiated with laser light having a high energy density. A lot of research has been conducted in the area of laser-induced damage. For example: mechanism for picosecond [1][2] and femtosecond (fs) laser [3][4], effect of surface geometry [5][6], damage threshold [7][8], and so on. The laser

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143